Kudler Fine Foods Marketing Plan - 937 Words

Introduction Market research is all about collecting information to give Kudler Fine Foods insight into the minds of their consumers, understanding what they want and knowing what they think about Kudler’s products, service, and competitors. Having a marketing plan helps gain an understanding of the market trends and trends of the food and beverage industry. Kudler Fine Foods marketing plan will include strategic additions, such as the distribution plan and pricing and positioning of Kudler, as well as the level of information technology they use, a details the profitable way Kudler will be able to target a broader audience. Distribution Plan Kudler will have a distribution plan in place with details on how customers will purchase their products. This will be systematically determined, as it is a major concern for decision-makers, on certain aspects such as, which products are available to Kudler’s consumers in what quantity are they available, for what amount, at what location, and at what time. This strategy will be implemented to make sure that Kudler’s is meeting any anticipated demand. Kudler Fine Foods Inventory The inventory of Kudler’s distribution plan will be entered into manufacturing requirements for estimating input flows and production schedules. As a retailer, Kudler will also link producers to other distributors, buyers, or wholesalers; creating great business relations. These relationships are all crucial with the flow of how their consumers willShow MoreRelatedCommunication Plan Kudler Fine Foods1312 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication Plan Team B University of Phoenix MKT/571: Marketing Kudler Fine Foods has decided to launch a product in both domestic and international markets. Kudler Fine Foods has determined that expanding their markets will allow domestic and international market growth generating an increase in profits. Many factors need to be considered when launching new products into domestic markets as well as international markets. Establishing a strategic communication plan will help the successRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Fine Foods1051 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Your Business Paper Introduction Every successful marketing plan has one thing in common, structure. Creativity among structure can prove to be quite beneficial for a business, such as Kudler Fine Foods, while traveling down that road to financial success and longevity. Within that research, or plan, one must collect, organize, and jot down any and all data pertaining to the market. Every successful business should begin their journey with a well-organized and structured plan that isRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Marketing Research1284 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Fine Foods Marketing Research Kudler Fine Foods Marketing Research Marketing research is important for all companies. A company must research the areas they hope to expand and know if they can be successful in that area before they ever decide to open up a new store. Marketing research will inform a company what will sell and what will not sell in an area and the main focus of a company should be researching the customers in the area and knowing competitive intelligence. If aRead MoreUse the Virtual Organization Link on the Student Website to Access Additional Company Information on Kudler Fine Foods.1334 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Food’s Marketing Strategy Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale food store specializing in the very best imported and domestic fare. They currently have three locations in the San Diego area: La Jolla, Encinitas, and Del Mar. Each store is located in a high profile area with stores up to 8,000 square feet. Kudler at each location carries bakery and pastry products, fresh produce, fresh meat amp; seafood, condiments and packaged foods, and cheese and specialty dairy products. Kudler’s missionRead MoreKudler Fine Foods: Sustaining a Competitive Advantage Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages Kudler Fine Foods is an epicurean grocery store for the connoisseur in which noteworthy growth with a focal point on increasing revenue, advancement concerning the effectiveness of operations, and shortening the consumer acquisition cycle is Kudler’s main objectives. Enclosed in this term paper is the significance of marketing research pertaining to the expansion of Kudler Fine Foods marketing line of attack and identi fication of the regions in which Kudler calls for additional market researchRead MoreMarketing Research Paper – Kudler Fine Foods1064 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Research Paper – Kudler Fine Foods University of Phoenix MKT 421 Allan Hopkins In the current retail food industry there are numerous competitors fighting for the same dollar. It is important for each company to identify their target market, identify their competitors, and then build their marketing plan. The information below will detail Kudler Fine Foods marketing strategy which includes expanding its services, improving its efficiency of operations, and increasing the customerRead MoreMarketing Research Paper for Kudler Fine Foods1286 Words   |  6 Pagesblock-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored.] Marketing Research Paper for Kudler Fine Foods Charmaine DuBray University of Phoenix Marketing MKT/421 Larry Rine May 03, 2010 Marketing Research Paper for Kudler Fine Foods Kathy Kudler used gourmet cooking as a way to relieve stress. But when she found shopping for the ingredients she needed entailed traveling to different locations, Kathy decided to open her own specialty food store that offered the convenience of purchasing theRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Paper938 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Research Kudler Fine Foods is a specialty store founded in San Diego. Though nested in the neopolitan area they have additional store locations in Del Mar, La Jolla and Encinitas. Kudler has some of the best imported and domestic food, wine, and spirits. Their selection is comprised of fresh produce, bakery and pastries, condiments and packaged foods, fresh food and meat, and specialty dairy products and cheeses. Kudler’s mission is basically to provide the customers with the finestRead MoreMarketing Focus for Kudler Fine Foods1356 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Focus for Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Roslyn Broadhurst BSA/502 July 26, 2010 David Moore Abstract Kudler Fine Foods currently has three locations-La Jolla, Del Mar, and Encinitas-throughout San Diego, with a fourth location possibly in the company’s near future. The company maintains several systems including strategic plan, legal, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, human resources, and operations. This paper is an analysis of the marketing system for KudlerRead MoreKudler Fine Foods1298 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Kudler Fine Foods Angela Bush MKT/421 February 19, 2012 Judith C. Allen Marketing Kudler Fine Foods Kudler fine foods is a store that markets fine foods but needs to bring some focus toward expanding their goods to the public. Improving their business operations will increase store efficiencies and the demand of its customers at a higher volume of purchases. The growth of this organization is significant and growth will coincide with strategic marketing that will expand

The Gilded Age Of The Nineteenth Century And The...

Two prominent eras of American History were the Gilded Age at the end of the nineteenth century and the succeeding period, the Progressive Era. The Gilded Age, also know as the Second Industrial Revolution, was a peak of high economic development with the rise of technological advancements in a free market environment, meaning that the economy was driven by self-interest instead of government authority. Besides its economic growth, the Gilded Age handle changes in social divisions. After the abolishment of slavery, the class system had three major groups: robber barons, middle class, and working class. The following time period, the Progressive Era from around 1890-1920, was a time span full of reforms. These reforms allowed government to get involved in business regulations. The progressive era was driven by the middle class as they saw unfavorable outcomes from the other two social divisions. The upper ten were too corrupt and the working class was too immoral. This resulted in a m ovement of economic, political, social, and moral transformations accomplished by the government. The Gilded Age of negative liberty transitioned into positive liberty at the start of the Progressive movement since free market economies included problems of restrictive competition, contracted labor, and social inequality. First, negative liberty shifted to positive liberty, because free markets failed to regulate competition. Through negative liberty one believes that freedom comes when there isShow MoreRelated`` The Jungle `` : Social Injustice And Unfair Treatment Of The Working Class1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gilded Age in American History was a time period of great controversy. Those in wealthier classes believed the changes that had been made socially were for the best. For instance, Andrew Carnegie in the The Gospel of Wealth sees the industrialization in a positive light. He, along with other Robber Barons of the late nineteenth-century are the ones that created the idea of a â€Å"Gilded Age†. His class of folks believed their contributions to society was bringing back a Golden Age. Carnegie, thoughRead MoreThe Gilded Age During The Nineteenth Century1220 Words   |  5 Pages During the nineteenth century, there was a time of critical social problems we now know as the Gilded Age. Like Mark Twain said, it was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath. Some of the social problems were increased by immigration, which brought in poverty, and increased labor force with dangerous conditions. During this period many business leaders tried to craft strategies to gain more power and success. Two Americans, who where among those trying to make social reform, were HenryRead More2.) To What Extent Did The Coming Of The Harlem Renaissance1483 Words   |  6 Pagesparts of the city. Most of the people settled in around 135th Street. The visibility and intensity of the period symbolized a major change in the degree to which black people could and did claim the ability to speak about and represent themselves and their experience. Various failed expectations anyhow, the feats of the Harlem Renaissance stays highly significant and figure glaringly in succeeding advances. Most important, perhaps, it is possible to acme ways in which artists, highbrows , and sociallyRead MoreMarijuana in the New World Essay2460 Words   |  10 PagesNew World dates from 1545 AD, when the Spaniards introduced it into Chile. It has been suggested, however, that African slaves familiar with marijuana as an intoxicant and medicine brought the seeds with them to Brazil even earlier in the sixteenth century. There is no record that the Pilgrims brought marijuana with them to Plymouth but the Jamestown settlers did bring the plant to Virginia in 1611, and cultivated it for its fiber. Marijuana was introduced into New England in 1629. From then until afterRead MoreAndrew Jackson, A New School Of Thought Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pagesour life. . . . Few American Presidents have better lived up to the demands of the movement which brought them into power.† However, as the ideas of Andrew Jackson continue to develop historians and writers, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. author of The Age of Jackson wrote â€Å"more can be understood about Jacksonian democracy if it is regarded as a problem not of sections but of classes.† Equally, he also claimed that by sharpening and elucidating in a brilliant and provocative manner the progressive schoolRead MoreWhy Did Farmers Express Discontent During 1870-1900 and What Impact Did Their Attitudes and Actions Have on National Politics.2488 Words   |  10 Pagesthis period which cause agriculture to decline, and cause farmers to struggle to make a living. The farmers were now being abused by the railroad companies and banks. The documents in DBQ 8 show rationality for the farmer’s protests, exclusively on bank mortgage tariffs and the gold standard. Two particular groups became popular during this period and that would be the Grangers and the Populist Party. Farmers fought against the Go ld Standard, railroads, and industrialist during this period causingRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms

Scam free essay sample

The Ketan Parekh Scam The Crash that Shook the Nation The 176-point1 Sensex2 crash on March 1, 2001 came as a major shock for the Government of India, the stock markets and the investors alike. More so, as the Union budget tabled a day earlier had been acclaimed for its growth initiatives and had prompted a 177-point increase in the Sensex. This sudden crash in the stock markets prompted the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to launch immediate investigations into the volatility of stock markets. SEBI also decided to inspect the books of several brokers who were suspected of triggering the crash. Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) ordered some banks to furnish data related to their capital market exposure. This was after media reports appeared regarding a private sector bank3 having exceeded its prudential norms of capital exposure, thereby contributing to the stock market volatility. The panic run on the bourses continued and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) President Anand Rathis (Rathi) resignation added to the downfall. Rathi had to resign following allegations that he had used some privileged information, which contributed to the crash. The scam shook the investors confidence in the overall functioning of the stock markets. By the end of March 2001, at least eight people were reported to have committed suicide and hundreds of investors were driven to the brink of bankruptcy. 1 A change of Re. 1 in the price of a share when one speaks of a share rising or falling by so many points. In stock market indices, however, a point is one unit of the composite weighted average on market capitalization of rupee values. 2 A stock market index indicating weighted average of 30 scripts, also known as the BSE Sensitive Index. The daily closing figure of this index broadly reflects the performance of the capital markets. 3 It was alleged that Global Trust Bank exceeded its Capital market exposure. The scam opened up the debate over banks funding capital market operations and lending funds against collateral security. It also raised questions about the validity of dual control of co-operative banks4. (Analysts pointed out that RBI was inspecting the accounts once in two years, which created ample scope for violation of rules. ) The first arrest in the scam was of the noted bull5, Ketan Parekh (KP), on March 30, 2001, by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Soon, reports abounded as to how KP had single handedly caused one of the biggest scams in the history of Indian financial markets. He was charged with defrauding Bank of India (BoI) of about $30 million among other charges. KPs arrest was followed by yet another panic run on the bourses and the Sensex fell by 147 points. By this time, the scam had become the talk of the nation, with intensive media coverage and unprecedented public outcry. The Man Who Triggered the Crash KP was a chartered accountant by profession and used to manage a family business, NH Securities started by his father. Known for maintaining a low profile, KPs only dubious claim to fame was in 1992, when he was accused in the stock exchange scam6. He was known as the Bombay Bull and had connections with 4 Co-operative banks are under the dual control of RBI and the Registrar of Co-operative Societies. The RBI regulates banking functions while the registrar looks after the managerial and administrative functions. 5 An investor who expects share prices to go up and hence buys them. 6 When the interest rates were freed in mid-1989, it made the price of both bonds and money more volatile, and increased the link between the securities and money markets. With price volatility and increased volumes, securities broking became a profitable activity. The rising volumes were funded by banks through bank receipts (BR is a document issued by a bank acknowledging that it has sold certain government securities to a party and received payment). The scam came to light when RBI asked the SBI to show the bank receipts, and it was found that Rs 6. 22 billion not been reconciled and was untraceable. The money involved in the scam was eventually ascertained to be well over Rs 30 billion. ovie stars, politicians and even leading international entrepreneurs like Australian media tycoon Kerry Packer, who partnered KP in KPV Ventures, a $250 million venture capital fund that invested mainly in new economy companies. Over the years, KP built a network of companies, mainly in Mumbai, involved in stock market operations. The rise of ICE (Information, Communications, and Entertainment) stocks all over the world in early 1999 led to a rise of the Indian stoc k markets as well. The dotcom boom7 contributed to the Bull Run8 led by an upward trend in the NASDAQ9. The companies in which KP held stakes included Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Limited (ABCL), Mukta Arts, Tips and Pritish Nandy Communications. He also had stakes in HFCL, Global Telesystems (Global), Zee Telefilms, Crest Communications, and PentaMedia Graphics KP selected these companies for investment with help from his research team, which listed high growth companies with a small capital base. According to media reports, KP took advantage of low liquidity in these stocks, which eventually came to be known as the K-10 stocks. The shares were held through KPs company, Triumph International. In July 1999, he held around 1. million shares in Global. KP controlled around 16% of Globals floating stock, 25% of Aftek Infosys, and 15% each in Zee and HFCL. The buoyant stock markets from January to July 1999 helped the K-10 stocks increase in value substantially 7 The e-commerce revolution had led to a massive upsurge in the value of technology stocks across the globe, especially Internet v entures. This came to be known as the dotcom boom. 8 A bull run is an uptrend in the stock markets caused by the rise in the price of shares, sustained by buying pressure of actual investors or news of favorable economic growth, decontrol and political developments. The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ) is a US-based stock exchange, which comprises largely of technology stocks. Started in 1971, NASDAQ is the first screen-based, floor less trading system and the second largest stock market in the US. (Refer Exhibit I for BSE Index movements). HFCL soared by 57% while Global increased by 200%. As a result, brokers and fund managers started investing heavily in K-10 stocks. Mutual funds like Alliance Capital, ICICI Prudential Fund and UTI also invested in K-10 stocks, and saw their net asset value soaring. By January 2000, K-10 stocks regularly featured in the top five traded stocks in the exchanges (Refer Exhibit II for the price movements of K-10 stocks). HFCLs traded volumes shot up from 80,000 to 1,047,000 shares. Globals total traded value in the Sensex was Rs 51. 8 billion10. As such huge amounts of money were being pumped into the markets, it became tough for KP to control the movements of the scrips. Also, it was reported that the volumes got too big for him to handle. Analysts and regulators wondered how KP had managed to buy such large stakes. The Factors that Helped the Man According to market sources, though KP was a successful broker, he did not have the money to buy large stakes. According to a report11, 12 lakh shares of Global in July 1999 would have cost KP around Rs 200 million. The stake in Aftek Infosys would have cost him Rs 50 million, while the Zee and HFCL stakes would have cost Rs 250 million each. Analysts claimed that KP borrowed from various companies and banks for this purpose. His financing methods were fairly simple. He bought shares when they were trading at low prices and saw the prices go up in the bull market while continuously trading. When the price was high enough, he 10 11 In September 2002, Rs 48 equalled 1 US $. Businessworld, 16 April, 2001. pledged the shares with banks as collateral for funds. He also borrowed from companies like HFCL. This could not have been possible out without the involvement of banks. A small Ahmedabad-based bank, Madhavapura Mercantile Cooperative Bank (MMCB) was KPs main ally in the scam. KP and his associates started tapping the MMCB for funds in early 2000. In December 2000, when KP faced liquidity problems in settlements he used MMCB in two different ways. First was the pay order12 route, wherein KP issued cheques drawn on BoI to MMCB, against which MMCB issued pay orders. The pay orders were discounted at BoI. It was alleged that MMCB issued funds to KP without proper collateral security and even crossed its capital market exposure limits. As per a RBI inspection report, MMCBs loans to stock markets were around Rs 10 billion of which over Rs 8 billion were lent to KP and his firms. The second route was borrowing from a MMCB branch at Mandvi (Mumbai), where different companies owned by KP and his associates had accounts. KP used around 16 such accounts, either directly or through other broker firms, to obtain funds. Apart from direct borrowings by KP-owned finance companies, a few brokers were also believed to have taken loans on his behalf. It was alleged that Madhur Capital, a company run by Vinit Parikh, the son of MMCB Chairman Ramesh Parikh, had acted on behalf of KP to borrow funds. KP reportedly used his BoI accounts to discount 248 pay orders worth about Rs 24 billion between January and March 2001. BoIs losses eventually amounted to well above Rs 1. billion. 12 A bank issues a pay order after it is clear that the customers account has sufficient funds. The MMCB pay order issue hit several public sector banks very hard. These included big names such as the State Bank of India, Bank of India and the Punjab National Bank, all of whom lost huge amounts in the scam. It was also alleged that Global Trust Bank (GTB) issued loans to KP and its exposure to the capital markets was above the prescribed limits. According to media reports, KP and his associates held around 4-10% stake in the bank. There were also allegations that KP, with the support of GTBs former CMD Ramesh Gelli, rigged the prices of the GTB scrip for a favorable swap ratio13 before its proposed merger with UTI Bank. KPs modus operandi of raising funds by offering shares as collateral security to the banks worked well as long as the share prices were rising, but it reversed when the markets started crashing in March 2000. The crash, which was led by a fall in the NASDAQ, saw the K-10 stocks also declining. KP was asked to either pledge more shares as collateral or return some of the borrowed money. In either case, it put pressure on his financials. By April 2000, mutual funds substantially reduced their exposure in the K-10 stocks. In the next two months, while the Sensex declined by 23% and the NASDAQ by 35. 9%, the K-10 stocks declined by an alarming 67%. However, with improvements in the global technology stock markets, the K-10 stocks began picking up again in May 2000. HFCL nearly doubled from Rs 790 to Rs 1,353 by July 2000, while Global shot up to Rs 1,153. Aftek Infosys was also trading at above Rs 1000. In December 2000, the NASDAQ crashed again and technology stocks took the hardest beating ever in the US. Led by doubts regarding the future of technology stocks, prices started falling across the globe and mutual funds and brokers began 13 The merger was later cancelled. selling them. KP began to have liquidity problems and lost a lot of money during that period. It was alleged that bear hammering of KPs stocks eventually led to payment problems in the markets. The Calcutta Stock Exchanges (CSE) payment crisis was one of the biggest setbacks for KP. The CSE was critical for KPs operation due to three reasons. One, the lack of regulations and surveillance on the bourse allowed a highly illegal and volatile badla business (Refer Exhibit III). Two, the exchange had the third-highest volumes in the country after NSE and BSE. Three, CSE helped KP to cover his operations from his rivals in Mumbai. Brokers at CSE used to buy shares at KPs behest. Though officially the scrips were in the brokers names, unofficially KP held them. KP used to cover any losses that occurred due to price shortfall of the scrips and paid a 2. 5% weekly interest to the brokers. By February 2001, the scrips held by KPs brokers at CSE were reduced to an estimated Rs 6-7 billion from their initial worth of Rs 12 billion. The situation worsened as KPs badla payments of Rs 5-6 billion were not honored on time for the settlement and about 70 CSE brokers, including the top three brokers of the CSE (Dinesh Singhania, Sanjay Khemani and Ashok Podar) defaulted on their payments. By mid-March, the value of stocks held by CSE brokers went down further to around Rs 2. 5-3 billion. The CSE brokers started pressurizing KP for payments. KP again turned to MMCB to get loans. The outflow of funds from MMCB had increased considerably from January 2001. Also, while the earlier loans to KP were against proper collateral and with adequate documentation, it was alleged that this time KP was allowed to borrow without any security. By now, SEBI was implementing several measures to control the damage. An additional 10% deposit margin was imposed on outstanding net sales in the stock markets. Also, the limit for application of the additional volatility margins was lowered from 80% to 60%. To revive the markets, SEBI imposed restriction on short sales14 and ordered that the sale of shares had to be followed by deliveries. It suspended all the broker member directors of BSEs governing board. SEBI also banned trading by all stock exchange presidents, vice-presidents and treasurers. A historical decision to ban the badla system in the country was taken, effective from July 2001, and a rolling settlement system for 200 Group A shares 15 was introduced on the BSE. The System that Bred these Factors The small investors who lost their lifes savings felt that all parties in the functioning of the market were responsible for the scams. They opined that the broker-banker-promoter nexus, which was deemed to have the cceptance of the SEBI itself, was the main reason for the scams in the Indian stock markets. SEBIs measures were widely criticized as being reactive rather than proactive. The market regulator was blamed for being lax in handling the issue of unusual price movement and tremendous volatility in certain shares over an 18-month period prior to February 2001. Analysts also opined that SEBIs market intell igence was 14 Selling of shares without physically possessing them. Usually the speculator promises to deliver the shares in future anticipating a fall in prices. If the price falls, he buys the shares at the lower rate, and makes a profit on the difference. If prices rise, he buys the shares at the higher price, and sustains a loss. 15 Group A shares are otherwise known as specified shares. These companies have the best fundamentals and growth prospects. The trading interest in these shares is high and certain exchanges also offer the carry-forward facility, which enables speculative trading of these shares. Because of the high trading volumes, the spreads are low and it is possible to easily enter and exit from these shares. ery poor. Media reports commented that KPs arrest was also not due to the SEBIs timely action but the result of complaints by BoI. A market watcher said16 When prices moved up, SEBI watched these as normal market movements. It ignored the large positions built up by some operators. Worse, it asked no questions at all. It had to investigate these things, not as a regulatory body, but as deep-probing agency that could coor dinate with other agencies. Who will bear the loss its inefficiency has caused? An equally crucial question was raised by media regarding SEBIs ignorance of the existence of an unofficial market at the CSE. Interestingly enough, there were reports that the arrest was motivated by the governments efforts to diffuse the Tehelka controversy17. Many exchanges were not happy with the decision of banning the badla system as they felt it would rig the liquidity in the market. Analysts who opposed the ban argued that the ban on badla without a suitable alternative for all the scrips, which were being moved to rolling settlement, would rig the volatility in the markets. They argued that the lack of finances for all players in the market would enable the few persons who were able to get funds from the banking system including cooperative banks or promoters to have an undue influence on the markets. 16 17 Business India, April 16-29, 2001. In March 2001, a website, Tehelka. com exposed an alleged corruption racket in defense deals. Many leading politicians, bureaucrats and army personnel were caught on camera indulging in unethical practices. It led to a huge uproar in the media and public, eventually threatening the governments stability. It was alleged that KPs arrest was a ploy by vested interests to divert the nations attention off the Tehelka controversy. The People that the System Duped KP was released on bail in May 2001. The duped investors could do nothing knowing that the legal proceedings would drag on, perhaps for years. Observers opined that in spite of the corrective measures that were implemented, the KP scam had set back the Indian economy by at least a year. Reacting to the scam, all KP had to say was, I made mistakes. It was widely believed that more than a fraud, KP was an example of the rot that was within the Indian financial and regulatory systems. Analysts commented that if the regulatory authorities had been alert, the huge erosion in values could have been avoided or at least controlled. After all, Rs 2000 billion is definitely not a small amount – even for a whole nation. Questions for Discussion 1. Study the developments that led to the Ketan Parekh scam and comment on SEBIs actions after the scam was unearthed. 2. Comment on SEBIs decision to ban badla. What effect would this move have on the stock markets? 3. The Ketan Parekh scam was an example of the inherently weak financial and regulatory set up in India. Discuss the above statement, giving reasons to justify your stand.

Essay about the Public Health

Question: Write an essay about the public health. Answer: Introduction Since 1980, there has been an exponential doubling in the obesity cases worldwide. This increment has become the epidemic in much developed as well as developing countries. According to world health organization, there are around 1.5 billion adults who are overweight and 500 million adults who are obese in the year 2008. This measurement was based on the body mass index(BMI) a body fat. Obesity is a factor of risk for many diseases such as heart ailments, diabetes, asthma, etc. Along with such diseases obesity also affects the human capital. Methods for exploring alternative futures: Since time, there has been the evolution of many alternate methods for measuring obesity, other than BMI. These methods are fat -free mass index, fat mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and waist- to-height ratio. All the different methods have come up with the different results. These methods came into existence because some researchers thought that body mass index could not differentiate between lean mass and fat mass and so alternate measures should be taken into account. Like the waist circumference gave a better idea of predicting the fast level of glucose and low HDL- cholesterol levels while the percent body fat gave the idea about high HDL cholesterol levels. But in spite of all these the methods of BMI was preferred by most of the scientist because of its simplicity and consistency. Body mass index gives the relation between body mass and body height (Blher et al., 2013). This has been considered as a reliable way to measure if a person has a too much body fat in comparison to their weight. In BMI, the two factors are to be kept in mind body weight and body height. By seeing these two factors, the researchers could predict about the health status of the individual whether the person is normal weighted or obese person. The world health organization has kept a healthy range for BMI, which is between 18.5-24.9 in adults. Both BMI and waist circumference methods could be considered as the best methods for measuring the health-related risks or obesity. In the waist circumference, the fat around the lower waist abdomen gives the idea whether the person is to develop any obesity-related health disorders or not. BMI is dependent upon the size of the body and weight whereas the waist circumference does not depend on such factors. As per the experiment conducted and the surveys done, the scientists found that the study on BMI and the waist circumference is the two best options for detecting any health related issues and towards obesity. These two methods are the most preferred one because of these methods have many advantages over the remaining ones as they are efficient in providing the results for those patients who are at the border line of developing any health risk disorders. These methods are a preferable one because of the various beneficial reasons it provides to the researchers as these two methods are the quick, simple and effective way of determining the health-related issues (Aihw.gov.au, 2016) BMI is a way to measure whether the person is healthy or not. This method is very popular among the doctors as it is a quick, simple and effective method which is applicable to both women and men as well as to children. It is a quickly accessible tool for measuring classification of weight (Landsberg et al., 2013). This method does not directly measure the fat of the body, but it measures more approximately the degree of fatness of the body in alone as compared to the weight. For BMI there is no requirement of the exact weight or measurement, but there is a range of classification where the individuals need to stand according to their body shapes and types (Aihw.gov.au, 2016) The waist circumference method is also a beneficial one like the BMI as it can provide additional information on the visceral or intra-abdominal fat which is an important factor in determining the risk of obesity related diseases in the patient (Ford et al., 2014), as extra adipose tissue of the intra-abdominal region is highly related to the diseases of cardio vascular and also mortality (Flegal et al., 2012).The waist circumference ideally screens the possible health related risks with obesity. These two methods are the most important tool for measuring any disorders related to health conditions like obesity (Abbasi et al., 2013). Methods used to study the future of obesity: Obesity is a growing problem in todays world with more and more people getting into it. So there are many methods which determine the level of obesity and prevent them from increasing further (Ogden et al., 2014). These methods are the behavioral modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention. Behavioral modification is one of the oldest methods of studying obesity. The most advanced behavioral therapy is the cognitive behavioral therapy. The main principle of this therapy is that the patient with obesity has the uncontrolled habit of eating and patterns of exercise. the second one is the uncontrolled behaviors which could be modified with some special interventions leading to weight loss (Drawing Change, 2016) Behavioral modification is an essential tool for the obesity treatment and prevention. But this modification is very difficult to incorporate in a peoples life as people are not ready to give up their habits and achieve a healthy life. Such people believe that lifestyles are the predominant thing which depends on upon their principles, values, and beliefs. A double-blind controlled placebo experiment was done taking the behavioral modification into consideration where the patients were divided into two groups. One group was given the behavioral modification, and another group was not given. The psychological factors were one of the important components of this experiment. The people were given psychological counseling where they reduced much amount of weight with the help of his counseling and exercise therapy. To the other group, there was no effect as they were the controlled one and dint takes any such counseling. So it was found that such psychological factors are mainly responsible for the modifications in the behavior among the obese patients which bring about such changes. The psychological factors were based on the analysis theory of transactional. This transactional theory makes use of the ego states. This ego state is defined as a complete system of feelings and thoughts which are controlled by the behavior pattern of the patients. This factor immensely helps the obese patients to overcome their obesity by defeating their daily life behavior. The study findings say that when a patient takes an obesity program based on such behavioral modification then, the ego state is significantly increased. This program has both negative and positive effects. The positive effects refer to the seeing of the negative side of the emotions and the acceptance of the brighter side of ones life. The negative sides refer to the people not caring about any disease and having much of optimism towards the obesity because of the impulsive behaviors. This study interrelates between the carelessness and optimism regarding the prevention of the disease and behavioral pattern of modification. Further this ego state has contributed much to the weight loss where it enables a patient to self-monitor their skill to get information and determine how they can adapt to such environment. There are many issues related to the future work of such therapy like the factors which are involved in such experiments must be investigated thoroughly. There is also a need to improve the skills of self-monitoring and autonomy which may directly or indirectly contribute towards the weight loss in such experiments. Also, the nutrition therapy and the exercise in such experiments may differ and vary from patients to patients. Therefore, such parameters should also be kept in mind. So it could be said that the ego state and the lifestyle patterns help in the obese patients to overcome their obesity if they continue with such therapy regularly. Pharmacotherapy serves as the pathway for the control of obesity. This therapy uses some drugs which affect the obese patients (Derosa et al., 2014). This treatment prevailed before but now has been redefined with some controlled calorie diet. The drugs which are used in the pharmacotherapy are the long term and short term therapy. The long-term therapy uses the drugs like orlistat, and short-term therapy uses the drugs like amfepramone and phentermine are some drugs used in such weight loss therapy. Such therapies are modest usually and have greater efficiency when used alone or in some combination. In the past there were therapies like thyroid hormone one, aminorex, the drugs which have introduced in this therapy induces weight loss, reduces one's appetite or in the increment of satiety or the nutrients absorption is decreased, and energy loss also increases but now recently the new agents have been added in pharmacotherapy, these drugs do not induce such effects on the patients bu t treat them with modesty and mild affects and applications (Hada et al., 2015). There is a long-term debate going for the pharmacotherapy that certain agents used in this therapy are malnutritous and harmful but the scientists ruled out this saying that there are few drugs which have shown more interest in the therapy . some of the drugs have shown immense results in such therapy .These drugs are orlistat which interferes with the fat absorption and thus lowers it and in turn lowers the weight in the obese patients. It also leads to the improvement of profiles of lipid, control of glucose, and other metabolic process. It also interferes with the absorption of the vitamins, and this lowers the weight in the obese patients. Another drug is the sibutramine which is the most effective stimulant which helps the patient of obesity suffering from coronary heart disease stroke and arrhythmias. Another drug named as Phentermine is also a stimulant but less powerful than the above drugs but it helps the patient to overcome the obesity. It is also very effective in the placebo-controlled trial (Konstantinos et al., 2015). According to Gards work, the scientist has observed that the people are becoming obese because of their eating habits, stress, watching television, and responding less or giving less efforts towards exercise (Michael Jan, 2005) So the scientist says that if people tend to become more attentive by adopting exercise and eating healthy at regular intervals then people wont become that much obese and have a healthy life. The scientist also emphasized on the fact that people should be culturally active and realize the norms of the society. Gard has defined obesity as the epidemic one because of the social ideas which has been built by the peoples beliefs, ideals and values. This obesity has also become a topic of politics because it has given rise to the succinctly issues. this epidemic obesity has also triggered the sexual revolution because it assigns fatness to the people making them more sloth type and gluttony and thus causing embarrassment. longer term perspectives on health issue: Obesity is given the new definition as the syndrome of a new world which has been affecting many people around the world .Statistics reveal that the obesity has increased tremendously among both the groups that are men and women in the world. Now obesity is not a single disorder, but it is caused by the multiple causes which1 could be referred as the heterogeneous causes. This could be due to the genetic factors, neurological problems, behavioral pattern, food habits, environmental and social-cultural problems (Bleich et al., 2012). When it comes to the genetic problems, then it is seen that it is not the sole reason but also the environmental problems are associated with it. The presence of ob gene has been responsible for the obesity in the patients which codes for the adipose tissue. Obesity can also be considered a complicated trait since many genes are involved in obesity (Locke et al., 2015) Neurological problems are the major critics in the regulation of the weight, since many of the genes coding for the peptide and the proteins are present in the brain region which is crucial. The increased activity of NPY in the obese patients is the cause of the obesity which is due to the neurological problems. The environmental problems such as the energy increase or decrease or the little physical activity are the major factors for obesity (du Plessis 2014). Then the genetic and the metabolic factors are also responsible for the obesity which is directly or indirectly related to the environmental factors. The eating disorders especially with the more carbohydrate food, also the alcohol consumption increases the obesity (Li et al., 2016). There are patients who restrict themselves to eating and later on crave for them, and this leads towards the psychological factors which also tends to increase the obesity in the patients Then there are also other factors which lead towards the obesity such as the cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, malignancies, and gastrointestinal disorders. To prevent obesity, there were many policies framed to give patient relief and curb their habits . In the year 2001, the general surgeon named as the call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity recognized obesity as the key element for the patient health disorder. So the government has made a wide range of programs and policies such as the labeling of nutrition on the packaged and processed foods so the people having the food could have full knowledge about what they are eating, then guidelines of clinics at the national levels which make the people aware as what and where they have to make changes in their life. Other policies are education and efforts at social marketing levels and increased access to fresh fruits and food and also the interventions on a community (Hawkes et al., 2015). Conclusion Thus, obesity is not a disease, but it is a multi-factorial disorder which people don't realize that when and where they have entrapped people and caused them damage. It is an increasing alarm in today population, and the people themselves have to do something about it by either changing their lifestyle or by incorporating some weight related management programs. If this disorder is overlooked, then it may result in to a great loss by hampering the life of the people. The obesity is a type of choice which depends upon the patient whether they want to take it or not. People should understand the problems of obesity at the root level and then incorporate the programs in to their lives. The acceptance or removal of obesity depends on entirely upon the people and their choice of taking decisions. The decision taken should be very carefully taken by seeing the person beliefs and principles. References: Abbasi, F., Blasey, C., Reaven, G. M. (2013). Cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity: does it matter whether BMI or waist circumference is the index of obesity?.The American journal of clinical nutrition,98(3), 637-640. Aihw.gov.au,. (2016).Insufficient physical activity (AIHW).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 June 2016, Aihw.gov.au,. (2016).Overweight and obesity (AIHW).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 June 2016, BaretiĆ¡, M. (2013). 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